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Mortgages & Financing

Pre-Approval

Definition and meaning of Pre-Approval in real estate.

A pre-approval is a lender's formal, preliminary commitment to lend a specific amount of money to a prospective home buyer based on a comprehensive review of their financial credentials.

In more detail

To obtain a pre-approval, the borrower must submit an official application and provide documents such as tax returns, pay stubs, and bank statements. The lender pulls a credit report and conducts a rigorous review, checking the debt-to-income ratio and credit history. A pre-approval shows sellers that the buyer has the financial backing to make an offer, which makes their bid much stronger in competitive markets.

It is important to know that a pre-approval is not a guarantee of a loan, because the final approval depends on a property appraisal and satisfactory underwriting.

Key facts

CategoryMortgages & Financing
Typical validitySixty to ninety days
Required documentsTax returns, pay stubs, bank statements, and credit check authorization
Watch out forTaking on new debt or changing jobs after receiving pre-approval
Example

Before starting her home search, a buyer submits her financial documents to a bank and receives a pre-approval for a mortgage up to a specific limit, such as three hundred thousand dollars.

Frequently asked questions

Is a pre-approval the same as a pre-qualification?

No, a pre-qualification is a basic estimate based on self-reported financial information, while a pre-approval is a formal commitment based on verified financial documents and a credit check.

Does getting pre-approved affect your credit score?

Yes, because the lender performs a hard credit inquiry to verify your financial status, it may cause a temporary, minor drop in your credit score.

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