Title Examination
Definition and meaning of Title Examination in real estate.
A title examination is a detailed review of public records, historical deeds, and court documents conducted to confirm the legal ownership of a property and identify any encumbrances or defects.
In more detail
A professional title examiner or attorney performs this review by tracing the chain of title back through previous owners, often covering several decades. The examination looks for unresolved liens, easements, mortgages, pending litigation, or unpaid property taxes that could cloud the title. If any defects are discovered, the seller typically must resolve them before the sale can proceed.
The findings of this process are compiled into a title report, which serves as the basis for issuing title insurance.
Key facts
| Category | Legal, Titles & Closing |
|---|---|
| Typical timing | One to two weeks after an offer is accepted |
| Required by | Mortgage lenders and title insurance companies |
| Core focus | Chain of title, liens, and public record accuracy |
During the title examination, the examiner discovered an outstanding contractor's lien from several years ago that the seller had to pay off before closing.
Frequently asked questions
How far back does a title examination go?
The search typically goes back thirty to sixty years, depending on state laws and the requirements of the title insurance company.
What happens if a title examination reveals a lien?
The seller is generally required to pay off the lien or resolve the issue before closing so that a clear title can be transferred.